The HIPAA Privacy Rule (updated periodically, most recently with modifications related to information sharing for COVID-19 response) sets national standards for protecting the privacy of individually identifiable health information, including rules for its use and disclosure. It gives individuals rights to access their health information and control how it's used, while allowing necessary disclosures for treatment, payment, and healthcare operations.

The ONC Cures Act Final Rule (2020) promotes interoperability and patient access to electronic health information. It prohibits information blocking and requires healthcare providers and technology developers to adopt open APIs and standards to facilitate data exchange. It aims to empower patients with control over their health information and foster innovation in healthcare.

The Transparency in Coverage Final Rule (2020) requires health insurers and group health plans to disclose price and cost-sharing information to consumers. It mandates the public posting of machine-readable files containing negotiated rates for in-network services and historical out-of-network allowed amounts. The goal is to empower consumers to shop for healthcare services and promote competition.